<펌> Argead dynasty (BC 700 - BC 310)

 

Argead dynasty

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House of Argos
Vergina Sun
Parent house	Temenids (Heracleidae)
Country	Macedonia, (Ancient Greece)
Founded	808 BC
Final ruler	Alexander IV of Macedon
Titles	Basileus of Macedonia King of Persia King of Asia Pharaoh of Egypt Hegemon of the Hellenic League, Strategus Autokrator of Greece
Religion	Ancient Greek Religion
Estate(s)	Macedonia
Dissolution	310 BC

The Argead dynasty (Greek: Ἀργεάδαι, Argeádai) was an ancient Macedonian royal house of Dorian Greek provenance.^[1] They were the founders and the ruling dynasty of the kingdom of Macedon from about 700 to 310 BC.^[2]

 

Their tradition, as described in ancient Greek historiography, traced their origins to Argos, in Peloponnese, hence the name Argeads or Argives.^[3][4][5] Initially the rulers of the homonymous tribe,^[6] by the time of Philip II they had expanded their reign further, to include under the rule of Macedonia all Upper Macedonian states. The family's most celebrated members were Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great, under whose leadership the kingdom of Macedonia gradually gained predominance throughout Greece, defeated the Achaemenid Empire and expanded as far as Egypt and India. The mythical founder of the Argead dynasty is King Caranus.^[7][8]

Contents

• 1Origin
• 2Dynasty
• 3References
  • 3.1Citations
  • 3.2Sources
• 4Further reading
• 5External links

 

Origin

Triobol of Argos (top), and a bronze coin of King Amyntas II of Macedon (bottom). The early Argead kings often copied the wolf of Argos' coins on their own coinage to highlight their supposed ancestry from this city.^[9][10]

 

The words "Argead" and "Argive" derive (via Latin Argīvus^[11]) from the Greek Ἀργεῖος (Argeios), "of or from Argos",^[12] which is first attested in Homer, where it was also used as a collective designation for the Greeks ("Ἀργείων Δαναῶν", Argive Danaans).^[13][14] The Argead dynasty claimed descent from the Temenids of Argos, in the Peloponnese, whose legendary ancestor was Temenus, the great-great-grandson of Heracles.

 

In the excavations of the royal Palace at Aegae Manolis Andronikos discovered in the "tholos" room (according to some scholars "tholos" was the throne room) an inscription relating to that belief.^[15] This is testified by Herodotus, in The Histories, where he mentions that three brothers of the lineage of Temenus, Gauanes, Aeropus and Perdiccas, fled from Argos to the Illyrians and then to Upper Macedonia, to a town called Lebaea, where they served the king. The latter asked them to leave his territory, believing in an omen that something great would happen to Perdiccas. The boys went to another part of Macedonia, near the garden of Midas, above which mount Bermio stands. There they made their abode and slowly formed their own kingdom.^[16]

 

Herodotus also relates the incident of the participation of Alexander I of Macedon in the Olympic Games in 504 or 500 BC where the participation of the Macedonian king was contested by participants on the grounds that he was not Greek. The Hellanodikai, however, after examining his Argead claim confirmed that the Macedonians were Greeks and allowed him to participate.^[17]

 

The route of the Argeads from Argos, Peloponnese, to Macedonia according to Herodotus.

 

Another theory supported by modern scholars, following the ancient author Appian, is that the Argead dynasty actually descended from Argos Orestikon in Macedonia, and that the Macedonian Kings claimed a descent from Argos in Peloponnese to enforce their Greekness.^[18]

Dynasties of Ancient Egypt
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See also: List of Pharaohs by Period and Dynasty
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House of Argos

 

According to Thucydides, in the History of the Peloponnesian War, the Argeads were originally Temenids from Argos, who descended from the highlands to Lower Macedonia, expelled the Pierians from Pieria and acquired in Paionia a narrow strip along the river Axiosextending to Pella and the sea. They also added Mygdonia in their territory through the expulsion of the Edoni, Eordians, and Almopians.^[19]

 

Dynasty

 

Argead Rulers

King	Reign (BC)	Comments
Caranus	808–778 BC	Founder of the Argead dynasty and first King of Macedon
Koinos	778–750 BC
Tyrimmas	750–700 BC
Perdiccas I	700–678 BC
Argaeus I	678–640 BC
Philip I	640–602 BC
Aeropus I	602–576 BC
Alcetas I	576–547 BC
Amyntas I	547–498 BC
Alexander I	498–454 BC
Perdiccas II	454–413 BC
Archelaus	413–399 BC
Orestes and Aeropus II	399–396 BC
Archelaus II	396–393 BC
Amyntas II	393 BC
Pausanias	393 BC
Amyntas III	393 BC
Argaeus II	393–392 BC
Amyntas III	392–370 BC	Restored to the throne after one year
Alexander II	370–368 BC
Ptolemy I	368–365 BC
Perdiccas III	365–359 BC
Amyntas IV	359 BC
Philip II	359–336 BC	Expanded Macedonian territory and influence to achieve a dominant position in the Balkans, unified most of the Greek city-states in the League of Corinth under his hegemony
Alexander III	336–323 BC	Alexander the Great. The most notable Macedonian king and one of the most celebrated strategists and rulers of all time. Alexander at the top of his reign was simultaneously King of Macedonia, Pharaoh of Egypt, King of Persia and King of Asia
Antipater	334–323 BC	Regent of Macedonia during the reign of Alexander III
Philip III Arrhidaeus	323–317 BC	Only titular king after the death of Alexander III
Alexander IV	323–310 BC	Son of Alexander the Great and Roxana. Served only as a titular king and was murdered at a young age before having the chance to rise to the throne of Macedon