<펌>Bulgars 800-1099 AD

BULGARS Appelations: Bulgars, Bolgars, Bulghars, Bolghars and other variations
Bulgars 4000 BC-336 AD Bulgars 337-499 AD Bulgars 500-599 AD Bulgars 600-799 AD	Bulgars 800-1099 AD Bulgars 1100-1299 AD Bulgars 1300-1922 AD
800-1099 AD

803	Danube Bulgaria Khan Kardam (c.777-c.803) is replaced (died: “On Kardam’s death, the Balkan Bulgars were left without a Khan” - S.Runciman) by Krum (38) elected to Bulgarian Khan-hood (803-814). Bulgars under Kagan Krum unite with Franks to crush Avar Kaganate. S.Runciman: Leader of Pannonian Bulgars Krum, victor of Avar wars, either by show of arms or persuasion, raised to Danube Bulgaria throne, and united two Bulgar kingdoms into one great empire, from Theiss (Tisza or Tisa) and Save to Black Sea.
804	Khan Krum's army has 30,000 chain armored heavily armed cavalry, vs. Byzantium's less than 400.
804	Khan Krum venture to become independent suzerain, lays off federatae status, become Tzar, and absorbs Slavic and Avar territories and populations. Policy program for next half century.
804	Charlemagne and then Pepin defeat and subjugate Avar Khan in Pannonia, rob 2 centuries of treasuries. In 805 Avar Kagan Zodan baptized with name Theodore. Theodore continued ruling as a subject of Charlemagne
804	Joint forces of Bulgars and Franks crush and annihilate Avar Kaganate.
805	End of AVAR EMPIRE in Europe 558-805 AD Founder - Khan Bayan Area - Pannonia, Balkans, Bessarabia, N. Pontic steppes to Tanais and Itil (Total Area - 2,500,000 Km2) Seat of Avar kaghan and his warlords east of Danube in Pannonia, known as Rhing
805	Ay Tengride Qut Bolmish, Qutluq Bilge Qaghan. Unknown (18) (805 - 808).
806	Manicheans arrive to Chanan from Uygurs
807	Danube Bulgars and Greeks fight.
808	Ay Tengride Qut Bolmish, Alp Bilge Qaghan. Unknown (19) (808 - 821).
813	Bulgars take Adrianopole and settle captives on north side of Danube
813	In 813, Krum led a large army of Slavs and Avars against Byzantium and besieged Constantinople without success. He died in following year.
814	April 13, 814 While preparing another attack against Byzantines, Kagan Krum (38) bursts a blood vessel and dies. Kagan Omurtag (41) assumes Bulgarian Khan-hood (814-814). Boils rule Bulgaria - Chok (?) (?_?).
814	Khan Ditsen (40) (814-816)
816	Chok and Boils Danube Bulgars conclude a peace treaty with Byzantines to last thirty years, to be renewed every ten years.
816	Khan Omurtag (41) (816-831)
817	Inhabitants of Samandar revolt against attempts by Khazar Kagan Karak introduce Judaism
817	Manichean missionaries are exiled to Uyguria
818	Danube Bulgars thrust to north as far as Kiev (818-820).
819	Kara Bulgarian Khan Aydar (819-855)
820	Khazars found Sambata (sam = high, bat = stronghold) and Kiev ( kui = low, ev = settlement), settled by Khazars and Magyars.
821	Preslav is completed - new Bulgarian capital.
821	Kun Tengride Ulugh Bolmish, Kuch Kuchluk Bilge Qaghan. Unknown (20) (821 - 824).
824	Tengride Qut Bolmish, Kuch Bilge Qaghan. Hazar Tekin (21) (824 - 832).
827	Danube Bulgars and Franks fight.
830	Khazar Kagan Khan-Tuvan (Dyggvi) (830?-…)
830	Construction of Sarkel fortress by Khazars with Byzantium's help
830	Khzarian Kabars rebel against Bek (830-862).
830	First Rus Kaganate is established as ulus by Itil Bulgarian Khan Aydar (819-855)
831	Danube Bulgaria Khan Malamir (42) (831-837)
832	Danube Bulgars and Franks sign peace treaty.
832	Tengride Qut Bolmish, Kuchluk Bilge Qaghan. Kho Tekin (22) (832 - 839).
833	Khan-Tuvan (Dyggvi) sends an embassy to Byzantine asking to send engineers-fortificators to build fortresses against Rus' attacks.
836	Byzantine-Bulgar War. Return of Macedonian prisoners
836	Danube Bulgar Khan Presijan (43)(836-852)
837	Magyars crossed Dnieper from east around 837, occupying steppe as far as Danube by year 860
837	Atelkuzu, largely consisting of Ukraine, Moldavia and Eastern Wallachia, favoured survival at time of warming. As drought spread, it was possible to move flocks up-river to cooler, wooded regions, where fishing provided an extra food for semi-nomads.
837	Magyar tribes, and chiefly ruling caste, moved up river as far as Kharka, Bashtu, and Galich
839	Kho Tekin (22) (832 - 839) dies. Kichik Tekin (23) (839 - 840)
840	Destruction of Uygur Orkhon Empire by Kirgizes. End of Uygur leadership of E. Goktürkic Kaganate
840	E. Goktürk Kaganate Kichik Tekin (23) dies
840	In about 840-850 AD, Hungarians were forced to move westwards to Atelkuzu (Etelkoz) and they then occupied Carpathian Basin in 896 AD living there to this day
841	Kyrgyz ambassador arrived in China
842	Muhamad ibn Musa Al Khwarizmi works in Khazarian Kagan's palace, sent there by Caliph Al-Wathiq.
850	Bashkorts used prior to 9c antroponym 'Ishtek/Istek' (Asses, Ossian/Yassian people), and from 9 c became known antroponym 'Bashkort' from (according to Arab author Salam Tardjman) Khan Bashgird, whose horde lived in present area.
855	Kan Urus Ugyr Aidar (819-855) dies, his son Shilki (Djilki) (855-882) becomes Kan of Bulgaria. Younger son Lachyn (855-879, 882?) revolts, splitting eastern Bulgaria
852	Khan Presijan (43) (836-852) controls Danube Bulgaria extending from Panonnia, Transilvania, Wallachia, Moldavia, Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia, to Donets ??, with numerous inhabitants (Slavs, Bulgars, Thracians (Vlach, Wallach, Dacian, Get)
855	Kara Bulgarian Baltavar Khan Aydar (819-855) died, Gabdulla Djilki (Shilki) becomes Khan (855-882)
859	Khan Shilki lost battle to Khazar Kagan Iskhak at Baltavar (Poltava)
859	Kara Bulgar Khan Gabdulla Djilki (Shilki) lost Bashtu (Kiev) and Urus (Novgorod) uluses to Khazars. Khazars organize them as ulus Rus. Kagan Iskhak appoints Norman leader Dir (Bulg. Djir) of Slavic militia in Bashtu a ruler of Rus and Norman Ascold (Bulg. As-Khalib) a Viceregent of Rus
859	Shilki settles in c. Karadjar (Chernigov) with territory
859	Shilki's brother Lachyn (Rürik, aka Riurik 855-879?882?)  becomes Khan of remaining Kara Bulgar with a capital in Khorysdan (Putivl)
859	Kara Bulgar Bashtu becomes Khazarian Kiev
861	Religious debate in Khazarian court (Khazarian Polemics) between Cyril and Methodius, Rabbi Yitzhak Ha Sangari, and Muslem cleric Farabi Ibn Kora.
861	Khazar Bulan Bek, nobility and some common people convert to Judaism.
862	Chronist Nestor gives 862 as year of creation of Rus. Ruses are rulers of Slavs. Ruses live in military settlements and ”feed” by spoils, a part of which was rendered to Jewish Khazars. Slavs are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. Ruses are ethnically different from Slavs: they shave their heads, leaving a braid on top, they wash before dinner in a basin. Slavs cut their hair in a circle, and wash under running water.
862	Viking warrior Hrorekr leads expedition to Staraya Lagoda and occupied city in 862
862	Hrorekr (Riurik) (862-879) takes Novgorod, the other brothers take two other cities. Eventually Riurik gained all three cities. Gradual conquest of surrounding Slavic states, raided as far as Constantinople. At his death, his son Ingvar is too young to ru
863	Khan Shilki re-unites Bashtu and Karadjar with Kara Bulgar. Knyaz Dir (Bulg Djir) submits to Shilki, Ascold (Bulg As-Khalib) escapes to Galidj (Novgorod? Galich?) Shilki restores himself as Baltavar of Kara Bulgar with capital at Baltavar (Poltava)
864	Bulgars kill son of Askold
864	864-884 First appearance of Rus Vikings in Caspian Sea
865	Khan Barys of Itil Bulgaria beylyk founded by Tat-Ugek, died, and Shilki, Khan of Kara Bulgar with a capital in Baltavar (Poltava) is proclamed Khan of Itil Bulgaria (865-882).
865	City Bulgar becomes a capital of Itil Bulgaria.
865	Shilki proclames Itil Bulgaria an Islamic state, without a Califate recognition
865	Christian baptism of Danube Bulgar Tsar Boris
866	Established Kara Bulgar station Kolyn (Khlynov, Vyatka)
868	First revolt of Türkish soldiers against Abbasid Calif al-Mutaawakkil (847-861)
868	Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Türkish praetorian of Abbasid Califate, becomes an independent ruler of Egypt and extends his rule to Syria
875	Khazars built a glass factory in Hrodna (present Belarus)
879	879-882 Post Rurik (862-879), pre-Olaf period in Rus ulus
882	Khan Shilki (855-882) died, Bat-Ugyr becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (882-895).
882	Khan Alabuga of a Baryn line of Sabans starts a city, named later Bilyar.
882	Olaf (Russ. Oleg) (882-913) First serious Rus expansion. Dominated several E. Slav tribes as tribute states.
889	After 889, Besenyos break through Khazarian border guards and replace Magyars from Levedia
890	Outbreak of war between Byzantine and Danube Bulgars
890	Arbat son of Almysh (r. 895-925) of Dulo dynastic clan is proclamed Prince Arpad of Magyars.  Barys (Svyatoslav I) of Kyiv is Arbat's uncle, Khasan of Itil Bulgaria is Arbat's brother. Kindered relations between houses of Magyars, Kyiv, and Bulgar continue for centuries
893	Catastrophically cold winter of 892-893 froze Itil and Don, made it possible for Besenyos, whom Oguzes attacked, to flee across frozen rivers into Atelkuzu, although some of them were stuck east of Yaik river
893	Besenyos stop their pusuit of Majars at Dniepr, spend winter near mouth of river Buh
893	Beginning of reign of Danube Bulgar Tsar Simeon  (Khan Shamgun)
894	Majar Prince Levente leads Khazar Kabars against Danube Bulgaria. Magyar campaign in Pannonia
894	Besenyos in alliance with Bulgars start a second attack of Majars, forcing them to leave Atilkiji (Itil-Kiji, Atelkuzu) for Transylvania and Upper Tisza region
895	Bat-Ugyr (882-895) abdicates. Baltavar (Elteber) Almush (Almas), eldest son of Shilki, becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria, acclaimed in city Bulgar (895-925)
895	Khan Almush Kara Bulgar census lists 550K, 200K are Saban-speaking Bulgars, 180K-Ars (Udmurts, Finno-Ugors), 170K-Modjars
895	Alans and Bulgars freed from Khazar power
895	Some Khazar Kabars (3 tribes) settle in Transilvania/Hungary with Majars.
895	Kyiv Prince Vladimir/Budimir, along with Oguzes, joined internecine war on side of Ibragim's revolt against Vladimir's cousin Timar (981-1004). Oguzes and Vladimir/Budimir make a joint attack on Bulgar city, that ended with catastrophe. Vladimir/Budimir lost most of his army, and had to pledge to Bulgars to keep paying Rostov rent (acting as tax collector in Korjak province on behalf of Bulgars)
895	Avaria (Pannonia) is divided between Slavic state of Great Moravia under Svyatopolk, and Türkic Khanate of Bulgaria. Bulgar Onogundur (or Onogur) settle there, possibly giving name to Hungary.
895	Bulgars and Bosnyaks/Pechenegs defeat Magyars. Magyars migrate beyond Carpathians
896	After defeats by Magyars allied with Byzantine, and Byzantine's deceit of truce, Danube Bulgaria's Tsar Simeon joins with Besenyos to drive Magyars into modern day Hungary and forcing Byzantine Empire to resume paying their humiliating annual tribute
900	Ibn Ruste lists three branches of Itil Bulgars: ”first branch was called Bersula, second - Esegel, and third - Bolgar”.
902	Varangian Rus mercenaries are mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus mercenaries also serve Khazars
904	Olaf (Russ. Oleg), Prince of Kiev (882-916 ), remains a vassal of Avar Kaganate, divided between Bulgarian principalities.(In 859 to Khazars??)
909	Rus raiders (druzhina) with Varangian (Varyag) allies captures Khazarian fort Abezgun on Caspian Sea
910	First missions of Christian preachers from Byzantium to Alania. Establishing Alan arch-episcopate. Peter as first arch-bishop of Alania.
913	Kengeres, once a part of confederation of W. Goktürk Kaganate, were driven toward lower Syr-Darya and Aral Sea by Karluk Türks. They were grazing their herds between Yaik and Itil rivers.
913	North of Sea of Azov Kengeres occupied Levedia, taking it from Majars, and then drove them from Atilkiji area between Dniepr and Lower Danube
913	Ingvar (Russ. Igor) (913-945) re-established control over Eastern Slavs
913	Khazars demolish Rus marauding expedition fleet
915	Besenyos appear before Kiev for first time in force. Prince Ingvar (Russ. Igor) signs peace treaty with them establishing a frontier between Don and Dniester
920	Khazars fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or Asses), Oguz, Byzantines, Kengeres and Kara Bulgars.
920	Itil Bulgar Baltavar Almush (Almas) allies with Caliphate as counterbalance to Khazars. Beginnng of minting of Bulgarian dirkhems
922	Itil Bulgars congress of Bulgarian tribes adopted Islam as state religion, built mosques and schools. Itil Bulgars start transition to Arabic script from Türkic script
922	Baltavar Almush takes a title 'Emir' as obligation to rule in accordance with Quran
922	City Bilyar becomes a province Baityuba capital and a 3rd sized city after Bulgar and Bandja
922	City Nur-Suvar (922-1246). Present Tatarskiy (Sham-Suar).
922	Established city Tukhchi, renamed in 1219 Djuketun (Chistopol)
925	Governor of province Mardan-Ballak Balus starts a city, named later Banja (Banja-Burtas). Present Syzran.
925	Almush (895-925) died, Khasan becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (925-930). Almush is buried in Fortress Gulistan.
930	Seljuks are from tribe Kynyk - one of 24 Oguz tribes. Oguzes live between Syr Darya, Caspian and Aral seas. Kynyks live near delta of Syr Darya.
930	Yabgu rules Oguzes. Leader of Seljuk clan, Temir-Yalyg, nicknamed Dukak (Dokak), has a high position. He objects to a raid by Yabgu against other Türkic tribes, and sours relations with Yabgu. He and his tribe may be Moslems.
930	Itil Bulgaria has 30 cities. Khasan built: Matak Nukrat Bandja (Samara ) (Center of Mardan-Bellak ulus) Bulyar (citadel in Bilyar) Kamysh Simbir Gazan-Deber Kashan Tukhcha Tau-Kerman (Sviyajsk) Tash-Bulgar Subash-Simbir Karadjar Djilan
930	Khasan (925-930) died, Yalkau Michail becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (930-943).
930	Khazars ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage
932	KARAHANID (Karahanli, Ilek (ilig)-khanid, al-Hakaniye, el-Haniye, al-Afrasiyab) 932 - 1212 A.D Founder - Saltuk Bugra Han Area - All Trans-Oxus area including area between Issyk and Balkash Lakes Initial center in Kashgar
932	Khazars ally with Oguzes.
934	Kengeres join in Hungarian invasion of Byzantian Thrace.
939	Khazar Baliqchi Pesakh defeats Rus
943	Yalkau Michail died (930-943), Mohammed becomes Khan of Itil Bulgaria (943-976).
944	Kengeres join in Prince Ingvar of Kiev raid on Byzantium.
945	Helga (Russ. Olga) (945-962) is energetic in subjugating Slavs, exacting terrible revenge upon Drevlians, burying alive and burning their most distinguished men alive in a bath in Kiev, massacring 5,000 at her husbands funeral feast, burning Izkorosten with many killed or enslaved
944	All Gothic cities-colonies are robbed to foundation in raid of Prince Ingvar of Kiev
945	Start of Itil Bulgar-Turkmen 15 year war
949	Talib, junior son of Khan Gazan, and grandson of Almush, organizes a regular army in Itil Bulgaria.
950	There is information about Bashkir Confederation in 9-12c under Masim Khan, starting with Khan Bashkort. Bashkir 'Shejere' listed Khans Muyten Bey and Maiky Bey at approx. 1220, witha list of 10 predesessors covering 9-12c.
950	Al Mas'udi (died in 956) describes 4 Türkic peoples: Ydjni, Badjkurt (Maskurts, Masguts, called by Herodotus (5-th c. BC), Strabo (c.64 BC - A.D. 20), and C. Plinius Secundus (62-113 AD) Massagetae Scythians), Badjanak (Besenyos), Nukardi
950	Conversion of Karakhanids and Uighurs from Buddhism to Islam under Satuq Bughra Khan (d.955)
950	Magyars living in Lebedia are vassals of Khazars.
960	End of Itil Bulgar-Turkmen 15 year war. Chief Turkmen Khan Arslan is beheaded by Bulgar sardar Kukcha Amir.
960	Besenyos live in Moldova (10th cent.-1171)
960	…... becomes second Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam (960?-….).
960	Karahanid Satuk's son, Musa (Baytas) defeated eastern Khan Arslan Han and carried off this branch of dynasty. Entire Karahanli State becomes Muslim (960). Afterwards, forced diffusion of Islam among C. Asian Türks turned into holy war. First case among Türks to abandon tradition of freedom of convitions and to force conversion of subject populations
961	After Dukak death, Oguz Yabgu appoints Dukak’s son Seljuk Syu-Bashi as head of army. Seljuk evacuates his tribe to Sugura, near Jend (Hojdent), bordering with Moslem countries. Relocation may be caused by Kipchak wictory over Oguz State or shotage of pastures
961	Seljuks (Salchukiyans, Sakachikas) together with Kynyk clan and other Oguz clans leave winter capital of Oguz State Yenikent (Ruins of present Jankent) between Caspian and Aral, with their cattle of horses, camels, sheep and cows, to Maverannakhr .
961	M Kashgari: To live with Moslem Türks, multitudes of Seljuk tribes adopted Islam. Seljuk adopted Islam for political possibilities, and asked neighboring Bukhara and Khorezm to send Moslem scholars. Prior, they were called Turkmens, Karluks and Oguzes
961	Oguz Yabgu's Oguses arriving in Jend to collect annual taxes are driven out by Seljuks under pretext ”We are not paying taxes to infidels”, and started juhad war against Oguz State with Seljuk’s title Gazi. Start of independent Seljuk Beylyk in Jend.
962	Svyatoslav (962-972) first Rus Knyaz with Slavic name. Numerous campaigns to assert his authority over eastern Slavs. Invaded Khazaria and destroyed its capitl Itil, and its major fortresses Samander and Sarkel. Allied with Constantinople against Danube Bulgars
962	Türkic Ghaznavid dynasty is established in Afghanistan
962	GAZNELI EMPIRE 962 - 1183 A.D Founder – Alptekin Area - from Trans-Oxus to Ganges River, from Caspian to steppes of Pamir (Total Area - 4,700,000 Km 2)
964	Kengeres seriously threaten Khazaria
964	Bulgarian annals provide background information on the Rus campaign against Khazaria, depicting it as a Bulgar liberation war of joint Bulgar-Rus alliance, where Bulgaria paid Ruses for the campaign by leasing out provinces Djir (future Rostov province and city of Russia), Kan (future Murom province and city) and the western Kortdjak (future Moscow, Vladimir and Ivanovo provinces), for an annual tribute equal in size to the tribute from Djir (Bulgar-Rus Treaty of 964). In the campaign participated Turkmens (Oguzes), recently defeated in the lengthy Bulgar-Turkmenian war (ca. 947-ca. 960), and Bajanaks, whose territory the Rus army had to cross, as Rus allies in the campaign. The annals describe Rus army as consisting of 20 thousand Vikings and 50 thousand Slavs.
965	Byzantine governor (strategos) of Chersonesus asks Svyatoslav for aid against Khazars. Svyatoslav campaign to Don. En route he attacks Volga Bulgars. He raids Sarkel, Itil, and Tmutarkhan, also captures Chersonesus
965	Svyatoslav possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies with Oguzes. Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in Taman-Kuban area.
965	Kkazar Kagan temporarily converts to Islam for political reasons
965	Itil Bulgars gain independence after defeating Khazars.
966	Bandja (Fanagoria), capital of Great Bulgaria in VII c, destroyed by Kiev Knyaz Svyatoslav. Escaped inhabitants established New Bandja in Jiguli on Itil (Murom setlement). During campaign were devastated cities in the North-East Caucasus, including Semender.
966	Khan Mohammed established fort Simbir (Simbirsk)
967	Knyaz Svyatoslav of Kiev seizes Khazar capital Itil
969	Khazaria, broken by Svyatoslav (called Barys by Bulgars), is divided between Itil Bulgaria and N. Caucasus Saklans.
969	Inflow of silver dirhams from Bulgaria and Khazaria stops
969	Saklans receive territory S. of rivers Sal and Kum, Shir (Don), Kuper-Kubar (Khoper), Boryn-Inesh (Voronej). Khin (Sarkel, Belaya Veja) is a province ruled by Bulgar's vali.
970	Mass migration of E.European Bulgars headed by Bilu, Boksu and Hesen join Danubian Bulgarians
970	Khan Mohammed established fort Balyn (Suzdal) in Mary land
972	8 Besenyo (Bedjenek) tribes, under Khan Kura, of Kipchak stock with Oguz element, freed of Khazar dominance, defeat Rus Knyaz Svyatoslav and make a drinking cup of his scull. Bedjenek's continuous fights with Khazars, Byzantines and Rus.
976	Mohammed died (943-976), Talib becomes Khan of of Itil Bulgaria (976-981).
981	Itil Bulgaria Khan Talib (976-981) died, Timar becomes Khan (981-1004).
985	Türkic Karakhanid and Gaznevit, and Iranian Samanid states surround Seljuk Beylyk. Seljuks fight with Karakhanids and Samanids. Samanids give Karakhanid Yabgu Arslan Israel with Oguzes control of Nur, near Bukhara.
985	Vladimir raid on Bulgars and Khazars
985	Seljuq Türks, a ruling tribe of Oguz, move to vicinity of Bukhara.
986	Khazars present Judaism to Knyaz Voldemir (Russ.Vladimir) of Kyiv, Itil Bulgars present Islam
987	Vladimir embassy to Bulgar. Emir of Derbent calls for help of Ruses (Vikings) to help in fight against local feudals
988	Voldemir consolidates his possession of conquered city-states through adoption of single state religion. He orders conversion of subject people and launches built-up of Christian churches. Negotiations for military aid with Emperor Basil II end in agreeme
988	Beginning of Mstislav reign in Tamiya-Tarkhan (Tmutorokan)
988	Rus-Bosnyak/Bajanak war
989	988-997 Rus (Vikings) guards in service of Emir of Derbent
994	Vladimir attacks Bulgar (Nikon.)
994	Formation of Türkic-Ghaznavid dynasty in present day Afganistan
997	Vladimir attacks Bulgar (Nikon.)
999	Destruction of Persian Samanid dynasty by Türkic tribes.
1000	Some Khazars in Kievan Rus are Slavicized and adopt East Slavic language (1000-1300).
1004	Itil Bulgaria Khan Timar (981-1004) died, Masgut becomes Khan (1004-1006).
1006	Itil Bulgaria Khan Masgut (1004-1006) died, Ibragim becomes Khan (1006-1025).
1010	Kipchaks are pressed by Kumosi- Kimaks and then by Kidanes and move west
1016	Last Khazar Kagan Georgius Tzul is cuptured by combined army of Byzantine Basil II and Sfengus, brother of Kiev's Grand Prince Voldemir. Khazaria loses last independence and territories of Crimea and Taman.
1016	End of HAZAR EMPIRE 602-1016 A.D Founder - no historical data for founder, its greatest ruler was Hakan Yusuf. Area - Hazars separated from Goktürks and formed a state from Caucasian Mntns to Danube and N. Pontic area
1020	Kipchaks occupy Middle and Lower Donets basin, lower Don and N.Azov. Earliest Kipchak gravestone monuments are located west of Itil
1024	Lavrentiev Chronicle dates establishment of Suzdal in Merya land
1025	Itil Bulgaria Khan Ibragim (1006-1025) died, Azgar becomes Khan (1025-1028).
1025	One of Seljuk chiefs, Arslan Israil Yabgu, serves as auxiliary to Karakhanid's Ali-Tegin, against Ghazavids.
1026	Kengeres invasion of Byzantium is repulsed by Constantine Diogenes..
1028	Itil Bulgaria Khan Azgar (1025-1028) abdicated, Ashraf becomes Khan (1028-1061).
1029	Kipchaks control steppes from Itil to Irtysh
1032	Torgul-beg , with Daud and Arslan Israil Yabgu, acquires control of E. Iran.
1035	Itil Bulgaria Khan Azgar established fort Khazar (Voronej)
1036	Itil Bulgaria Khan Azgar established city Tyumen, center of Tubdjak ulus (Tyumen)
1040	SELCUK EMPIRE 1040 - 1157 A.D Founder – Seljuk Area - East, Balkash and Issyk Lakes and Tarim Derya; West, Aegean and Mediterranean; North, Aral, Caspian Sea, Caucasian and Black Sea; South, area including Arabia (Area - 10,000,000 Km 2)
1051	Kengeres invade Byzantium.
1054	Seljuks, under Tügral Beg, capture Baghdad, Abbasid capital, from Buwayhids, establish Seljuq Sultanate, and become official protectors of Caliphate.
1054	Rus chronicles record appearance of Guz people, pushed by Kipchaks - a branch of Kimaks of middle Irtysh and of Ob.
1055	Rus claims that majority of Kipchak tribes have crossed Itil and occupy E. Europian steepes.
1055	Ipatian Chronicle reports first arrival of Kipchaks at border of Pereyaslav principality
1059	Yabgu Arslan Israel with Oguzes fights Karakhanids, and withdraw with booty, leaving Samanid heir Ismail El Muntasyr, who loses war with Karakhanids,and dies. Samanid state desintegrates, Karakhanids take over Maverannakhr, and Gazavids take Horasan.
1060	Kipchaks replace Besenyos (Bedjenek) from N Caucasus steppes. Stan of Kipchak Khans is located on river Sunj. N Caucasus steppes is an important component of Deshti-Kipchak.
1063	Beginning of reign of Seljuc Alp Arslan
1064	Kengeres invade Byzantium, across Thrace to gates of Constantinople..
1065	600K Oguzes crossed Danube, devastated Balkans to Thessalonica. Emperor Constantine X Ducas, and then Kengeres and Bulgars, who were ruled at that time from Byzantium, annihilated them. Remains of Oguzes were subjugated, eliminated or assimilated by Kipch
1065	Visit of Alanian king Durguleit Great to Georgian king Bagrat IV in Kutais.
1065	Three Türkic peoples inhabit steppes N. of Lake Balkhash: Oguz (Ghuz, Torks, Ouzoi, Uzes, Türkmen), Kimaks/Kipchak of middle Enisey of Ob, and Kirghiz. Ogur group is distinguished from Oguz Türkic people that they had Y mutated to J (DJ).
1169	Prince of Suzdal, Andrei Bogoliubskii, sacked Kiev, then moved seat of Great Prince to Vladimir, capital of Suzdal
1070	Turks in Karahanli State engage in cultural and scientific activities. Turkish written with Uighur and Arabic alphabets becomes literary language and literature spread for the first time. Karahanli people exchange with Gazneli and other state sultans in Turkish written in Uighur letters
1070	Most ancient monument of Islam era in Türkic is ”Kutadgu Blig” written by Yusuf Has Hacib in 1069-1070 in Uighur and Arabic letters about ideal administration system of a state
1071	Kengeres, in service of Byzantium, desert Emperor Romanus Diogenes V (1067-1071) in favor of Oguz Sultan Alp Arslan.
1072	Beginning of reign of Seljuc Malik Shakh.
1072	Marriage of Maria of Alania to Byzantine emperor Michael VII Duca Parapinaces (1071-1078 d. 1078). Marriage of Georgian king George III with Alanian princess Burduhan
1073	Probably grandson of Mohammed b. Yusuf Kadir Han, Great Khan of Eastern Karahanli State, Mahmut Kashgari work, titled ”Divan-i Legat it-Turk” written in Baghdad in 1073-1077, gave examples of dialects of various Türkic peoples ranging from Byzantine borders to borders of China. He wrote about geography of Türkish cities, political and economical life of Türks and their beliefs, gave examples of literary works and ancient epics and folk literature that did not survive
1076	Itil Bulgaria Khan Akhad (1061-1076) deposed, Adam becomes Khan (1076-1118).
1076	Capital of Itil Bulgaria is transferred from city Bulgar to city Bilyar
1077	HARZEMSHAH 1077 - 1231 A.D Founder - Kudrettin Mehmet (Harzemshah) Area - Persia, Southern Caucasia, Dagestan, Afghanistan and most of Central Asia. (Total Area - 5,000,000 Km 2)
1078	Daughter of Burduhan and George III is crowned as Queen Tamar on Georgian throne
1087	Kengeres invade Byzantium across Thrace, are driven back, and defeat Alexius Comneus.
1088	Former Khan, Emir Akhad Moskha built in Batyshes' (Russ. Vyatiches) land fort Moskha (Caw), now Moscow (Moskva).
1089	King of Ovs (As, Alans) David Soslan's son marries Queen Tamar
1091	Kipchaks under Togortak and Maniak are allied with Byzantium under Alexius Comnenus, and together crush Kengeres army.
1096	Rabbi Nissim: Seventeen Khazarian communities join nomads (Kengeres, Bulgars, Oguses)
1096	Start of Eastern European Bulgars' emigration to Danube Bulgaria and Hungary in several successive waves together with Cumans, from end of eleventh to middle of thirteenth centuries
1099	Khan Bonyak Cumans defeat Hungarian army of King Coloman Beauclerc at Przemysl
1099	Formation of Karachai-Balkarian (Alan) people completed.
1099	Tatars are beaten by Kerayit Türks' Khan Torgul, son of Khan Cyriacus(Qurjaquz), son of Marcus(Marguz) Buyiruq
1099	Tatars lived since at least 8th cent. on south bank of Kerulen river near Bor Nor to Khingan range. On north bank of Kerulen to Onon river roved neghbouring Mongols. On west bank of Selenga river to Black Irtysh river roved neighboring Naiman Türks.
1099	200,000 Kerayit Türks, Nestorian Christians since 1009, roved neighboring south of Selenga river, on upper Orkhon, to Karakorum. Tatars are confederated as Tokuz Tatars (Nine Tatars) and Otuz Tatars (Thirty Tatars).
1099	Tatars are redoubtable warriors and ranked among fiercest of all people.
1099	Tatars constitute a serious danger to Sino-Tungustic kingdom of Kin. Kin used early Chingiz Khan to attack Tatars from Northwest.

DATELINETime Events

Bulgars Dateline 1100-1299 AD Continued