전쟁사를 통해 본 신라와 당의 유사점 자료 및 메모

 IV. 전쟁사를 통한 신라와 당의 유사점

 

1) 탈라스 전투(751)와 호라산출신의 아바스왕조 개시(751)

 

 

2) 당태종과 고구려 전쟁, 당고종과 서돌궐 (고구려) 전쟁

 

고구려와 전쟁시 수군 7만, 보병 기병 20만(?) : 왜 수군이 필요?

트랜스옥시아나에 있다면 수군이 왜 필요한가?

평양까지 수군으로 가기에는 너무 돌아 간다.

아프칸남쪽, 홍해, 이집트운하 거쳐 지중해, 흑해를 거쳐야 함

 

3) 백강, 기벌포 전투와 우마이야 왕조의 이집트 수군

 

당 (당국공, 안록산, 요임금의 당요)은 트랜스옥시아나 지역에 있을 것으로 추정되는데, 이집트와는 너무 먼거리 : 의문점

 

3) 천문령 전투와 발해 : 철문관 근처 (코카서스산맥아래 우측)

 

이 경우 당은 신라와 위치가 겹친다.

 

거란인 이전충의 대조영 보호 : 거란 별종 코카서스산맥

 

4) 8세기 신라와 당의 발해(무왕)와의 전투 패배 –

→ 천문령 유사한 지역 ? 겨울에 추위와 눈 많다. 산악지형

→ 하자르왕국, 코카서스산맥아래 다게스탄지역 (?)

 

5) 티베트, 토욕혼과 당과의 전쟁

 

동동궐과 당의 전쟁 → 동동궐 멸망 후 티베트로 망명

이후 티베트와 당의 전쟁

 

6) 신라의 삼한 일통 → 당이 신라일 때 가능

 

 

7) 가잠성 전투에서의 금산당주(장안지역)의 참여

 

가잠성 전투에 북한산군주(北漢山軍主)와 금산당주(金山幢主)가 참전한 사실에 주목하여, 북한산주(서울)와 금산(김천)의 중간지점에 해당하는 충청북도 보은군으로 비정한 견해가 나왔다.

 

[출처] <펌>가잠성 - 한국민족문화대백과|작성자 죽엽

The Chinese dynastic histories of the Old Book of Tang and New Book of Tang mention several embassies made by Fu lin (拂菻), which they equated with Daqin (the Roman Empire). These are recorded as having begun in the year 643 with an embassy sent by the king Boduoli (波多力, Constans II Pogonatos) to Emperor Taizong of Tang, bearing gifts such as red glass and green gemstones. Other contacts are reported taking place in 667, 701, and perhaps 719, sometimes through Central Asian intermediaries.[verification needed] These histories also record that the Arabs (Da shi 大食) sent their commander "Mo-yi" (Chinese: 摩拽伐之, Pinyin: Mó zhuāi fá zhī), to besiege the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, and forced the Byzantines to pay them tribute.  This Arab commander "Mo-yi" was identified by historian Friedrich Hirth as Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), the governor of Syria before becoming the Umayyad caliph. The same books also described Constantinople in some detail as having massive granite walls and a water clock mounted with a golden statue of man. The Byzantine historian Theophylact Simocatta, writing during the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), relayed information about China's geography, its capital city Khubdan (Old Turkic: Khumdan, i.e. Chang'an), its current ruler Taisson whose name meant "Son of God" (Chinese: Tianzi), and correctly pointed to its reunification by the Sui Dynasty (581–618) as occurring during the reign of Maurice, noting that China had previously been divided politically along the Yangzi River by two warring nations.

 

[출처] <펌> Constans II (641-668)|작성자 죽엽

 

Khumdan (금단) = Chang’an (장안)

 

신라의 가잠성 전투 (코카서스산맥 아래 트빌리시)에 북한산주 및 금산당주가 참여

 

금산당주 – 금산 ->금단 -> 장안

 

Ctesiphon (사산왕조 페르시아의 수도) ->신라의 금성 -> 장안 -> 신라=당

 

Ctesiphon : 진나라 (알렉산더제국) 수도, 그 뒤를 이은 한나라 수도 (장안)

 

During the short-lived Xin dynasty, the city was renamed "Constant Peace" (Chinese: 常安; pinyin: Cháng'ān); the old name was later restored. By the time of the Ming dynasty, a new walled city named Xi'an, meaning "Western Peace", was built at the Sui and Tang dynasty city's site, which has remained its name to the present day.

 

[출처] <펌> Chang'an (장안)|작성자 죽엽

 

The site of the Han capital was located 3 km northwest of modern Xi'an. As the capital of the Western Han, it was the political, economic and cultural center of China.

 

[출처] <펌> Chang'an (장안)|작성자 죽엽

Initially, Emperor Liu Bang decided to build his capital at the center of the sun, which according to Chinese geography was in modern Luoyang. This location was the site of the holy city Chengzhou, home of the last Zhou emperors. The magical significance of this location was believed to ensure a long-lasting dynasty like the Zhou, whom the Han sought to emulate. However, the strategic military value of a capital located in the Wei Valley became the deciding factor for locating the new capital. To this end, it is recorded c 200 BC he forcibly relocated thousands of clans in the military aristocracy to this region. The purpose was twofold. First, it kept all potential rivals close to the new Emperor, and second, it allowed him to redirect their energy toward defending the capital from invasion by the nearby Xiongnu. His adviser Liu Jing described this plan as weakening the root while strengthening the branch.

 

After the necessary political structure was set up, the area of the capital was divided into three prefectures and construction began. At its founding in 195 BC, the population of Changan was 146,000. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, the diplomat Zhang Qian was dispatched westward into Central Asia. Since then, Chang'an city became the Asian gateway to Europe as the point of departure of the famous Silk Road. On 4 October 23 AD, Chang'an was captured and sacked during a peasant rebellion. The emperor, Wang Mang was killed and decapitated by the rebels two days later. After the Western Han period, the Eastern Han government settled on Luoyang as the new capital. Chang'an was therefore also sometimes referred to as the Western Capital or Xijing (西京) in some Han dynasty texts. In 190 AD during late Eastern Han, the court was seized and relocated back to Chang'an by the notorious Prime Minister Dong Zhuo, as it was a strategically superior site against the mounting insurgency formed against him. After Dong's death (192) the capital was moved back to Luoyang in August 196, and to Xuchang in autumn 196. By this time, Chang'an was already regarded as the symbolic site of supreme power and governance.

 

[출처] <펌> Chang'an (장안)|작성자 죽엽

 

Ctesiphon (/?t?s?f?n/ TESS-i-fon; Greek: Κτησιφ?ν; from Parthian or Middle Persian: tyspwn or tysfwn[1]) was an ancient city, located on the eastern bank of the Tigris, and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of present-day Baghdad. 

 

Ctesiphon served as a royal capital of the Persian Empire in the Parthian and Sasanian eras for over eight hundred years.[2] Ctesiphon remained the capital of the Sasanian Empire until the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD.

 

Ctesiphon developed into a rich commercial metropolis, merging with the surrounding cities along both shores of the river, including the Hellenistic city of Seleucia. Ctesiphon and its environs were therefore sometimes referred to as "The Cities" (Aramaic: Mahuza, Arabic: ????????, al-Mada'in). In the late sixth and early seventh century, it was one of the largest cities in the world

 

During the Roman-Parthian Wars, Ctesiphon fell three times to the Romans, and later fell twice during Sasanian rule. It was also the site of the Battle of Ctesiphon in 363 AD. After the Muslim invasion the city fell into decay and was depopulated by the end of the eighth century, its place as a political and economic center taken by the Abbasid capital at Baghdad. The most conspicuous structure remaining today is the Taq Kasra, sometimes called the Archway of Ctesiphon. 

 

(source : Ctesiphon, Wikipedia)

 

Because of its importance, Ctesiphon was a major military objective for the leaders of the Roman Empire in their eastern wars. The city was captured by Rome five times in its history - three times in the 2nd century alone. The emperor Trajan captured Ctesiphon in 116, but his successor, Hadrian, decided to willingly return Ctesiphon in 117 as part of a peace settlement. The Roman general Avidius Cassius captured Ctesiphon in 164 during another Parthian war, but abandoned it when peace was concluded. In 197, the emperor Septimius Severus sacked Ctesiphon and carried off thousands of its inhabitants, whom he sold into slavery.

 

(source : Ctesiphon, Wikipedia)